COLONOSCOPY
Colonoscopy lets the physician look inside the entire large intestine, from the lowest part, the rectum, all the way up through the colon to the lower end of the small intestine. The procedure is used to look for early signs of cancer in the colon and rectum. It is also used to diagnose the causes of unexplained changes in bowel habits. Colonoscopy enables the physician to see inflamed tissue, abnormal growths, ulcers, and bleeding.

UPPER ENDOSCOPY
Upper Endoscopy enables the physician to look inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (first part of the small intestine). The procedure, which uses an endoscope, helps discover the reason for swallowing difficulties, nausea, vomiting, reflux, bleeding, indigestion, abdominal pain, or chest pain.

FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy enables the physician to look inside the large intestine from the rectum through the last part of the colon, called the sigmoid or descending colon. Physicians may use the procedure to find the cause of diarrhea, abdominal pain, or constipation.

HEPATOLOGY
Hepatology is the diagnosis and treatment of liver conditions, including hepatitis, liver tumors, metabolic and systemic conditions, vascular malformations, cirrhosis and autoimmune conditions.

ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY
ERCP enables the physician to diagnose problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas. ERCP may also be used to discover the reason for jaundice, upper abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss. ERCP combines the use of x-rays and an endoscope, which is a long, flexible, lighted tube. Through it, the physician can see the inside of the stomach, duodenum, and ducts in the biliary tree and pancreas.

ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND
EUS combines endoscopy and ultrasound in order to obtain images and information about the digestive tract and the surrounding tissue and organs. Traditional ultrasound sends sound waves to the organs and back with a transducer placed on the skin overlying the organs of interest. By inserting the endoscope into the upper or the lower digestive tract one can obtain high quality ultrasound images of the organs inside the body. Because of the proximity of the EUS transducer to the organs of interest, the images obtained are frequently more accurate and more detailed than the ones obtained by traditional ultrasound.